Antimicrobial peptidesPDF Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a crucial component of the innate immune system, acting as a first line of defense against a broad spectrum of pathogensA Review of Antimicrobial Peptides: Its Function, Mode of .... This review delves into the multifaceted nature of AMPs, exploring their diverse structures, intricate mechanisms of action, and their burgeoning potential as therapeutic agents, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance作者：S Nayab·2022·被引用次数：105—Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are endogenous polypeptides produced by multicellular organisms in order to protect a host from pathogenic .... As naturally occurring peptides found widely in nature, AMPs offer a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics due to their unique properties, including low residue and resistance profiles.
Antimicrobial peptides are typically small, cationic, and amphipathic molecules, meaning they possess both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. This structural characteristic is fundamental to their ability to interact with and disrupt microbial membranes. While diverse in their amino acid sequences, AMPs can be broadly classified based on their secondary structure, including:
* Alpha-helical peptides: These peptides form helical structures, often with a distinct separation of charged and hydrophobic residues that facilitates membrane insertion.作者：Y Huan·2020·被引用次数：1772—Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) area class of small peptides that widely exist in natureand they are an important part of the innate immune system of different ...
* Beta-sheet peptides: Characterized by beta-pleated sheets, these AMPs can form antiparallel or parallel structures and often involve disulfide bonds for stabilization.作者：KA Brogden·2005·被引用次数：7642—In thisreviewthe different models ofantimicrobial-peptide-induced pore formation and cell killing are presented.
* Loop peptides: These peptides adopt more flexible or irregular loop structures.作者：S Ramazi·2022·被引用次数：174—In thisreview, we aim to provide valuable information about different types of AMPs, their mechanism of action and a landscape of current databases and ...
* Extended peptides: These AMPs lack a defined secondary structure and adopt an extended conformation.
The specific structural features of an AMP dictate its interaction with microbial targets, its spectrum of activity, and its overall efficacy. Understanding these structure-activity relationships is key to designing novel AMPs with enhanced therapeutic properties.
The primary mechanism by which most AMPs exert their antimicrobial effects involves the disruption of microbial cell membranes.作者：N Mookherjee·2020·被引用次数：1477—Cationic host defence peptides (CHDP), also known as antimicrobial peptides,are naturally occurring peptides that can combat infections. Their amphipathic nature allows them to associate with the negatively charged lipids prevalent in bacterial membranes, leading to the formation of pores or channels. Several models describe this process, including:
* Barrel-stave model: AMPs insert perpendicularly into the membrane, forming a cylindrical pore lined by the peptides.Harnessing bacterial antimicrobial peptides: a comprehensive ...
* Toroidal pore model: AMPs and lipid head groups line the pore, creating a structure where the peptide spans the entire membrane作者：P Erriah·2025·被引用次数：12—This review explores theintricate properties and underlying mechanisms of BAMPs, emphasizing their diverse applications in addressing AMR..
* Carpet model: AMPs accumulate on the membrane surface like a carpet, disrupting membrane integrity and leading to lysis.
Beyond membrane disruption, some AMPs also exhibit intracellular targets, interfering with essential cellular processes such as DNA/RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and enzyme activity.Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Biomedical Applications This multifaceted approach makes it challenging for microbes to develop resistance compared to traditional antibiotics.
The encouraging antibacterial properties of AMPs, coupled with their ability to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm formation, position them as vital candidates for new antimicrobial drugs作者：S Ji·2024·被引用次数：171—Antimicrobial peptides are favored for their safety, low residue, and low resistance properties, and their unique antimicrobial mechanisms show significant .... Their potential applications span various fields, including:
* Infection treatment: AMPs can be employed topically or systemically to combat a wide range of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections.
* Wound healing: Their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions can aid in promoting wound healing.A Review of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Therapeutic ...
* Cancer therapy: Some AMPs have demonstrated cytotoxic effects against cancer cellsAntimicrobial Peptides for Therapeutic Applications.
Despite their immense promise, several challenges remain in the widespread clinical application of AMPs. These include:
* Stability and bioavailability: Ensuring adequate stability in physiological environments and achieving effective delivery to the target site can be difficult.Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Biomedical Applications
* Toxicity: While generally considered safe, some AMPs can exhibit toxicity to host cells at higher concentrationsAntimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors ....
* Cost of production: Large-scale synthesis of peptides can be expensive.
* Development of resistance: Although less common than with conventional antibiotics, mechanisms of resistance can still emerge.
Ongoing research focuses on molecular modification strategies, chemical synthesis, and identifying novel AMPs from diverse sources, including bacterial antimicrobial peptides (BAMPs), to enhance their therapeutic efficacy, reduce toxicity, and overcome production hurdles. Databases of AMPs and their properties are invaluable resources for this research.
The field of antimicrobial peptides is continually evolving, with significant advancements in understanding their origins, structural diversity, and mechanisms of action. Future research will likely focus on leveraging recent discoveries to design next-generation AMPs that are more potent, selective, and cost-effective. The exploration of AMPs as alternatives to traditional antibiotics is paramount in the ongoing battle against antimicrobial resistance, offering a beacon of hope for the future of infectious disease management.作者：A Fontanot·2024·被引用次数：32—Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are short, hydrophobic, and amphipathic peptides that show activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm formation.
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