Tumour circular rnas elicit anti tumour immunity by encodingcryptic peptides Cryptic peptides, often originating from non-coding or previously unannotated genomic regions, represent a fascinating and increasingly important class of molecules in biological research.Pancreatic cancer–restricted cryptic antigens are targets for ... These peptides, which are not derived from canonical protein-coding sequences, can be generated through aberrant translation or post-translational modifications and hidden within larger protein structures.Noncoding cryptic peptidesare revealed as an important class of immunogenic antigens in ovarian cancer by using immunopeptidomic analysis and RNA ... Their significance is particularly pronounced in the context of the immune system, where they can act as potent immunogenic antigens, driving both anti-tumor immunity and potentially contributing to autoimmune responses. Understanding the origins, detection, and functional implications of cryptic peptides is crucial for advancing our knowledge in fields ranging from cancer immunology to the study of protein structure and function.
A significant area of research highlights the dominant role of cryptic peptides as tumor antigens. Studies have revealed that these molecules, often derived from non-coding stretches of the genome, are efficiently presented on the cell surface by MHC molecules.Discovery of 500 tumor-specific cryptic peptides may guide ... This presentation can effectively prime naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in an antigen-specific manner, thereby eliciting a robust anti-tumor immune response. For instance, in ovarian cancer (OC), cryptic peptides have been identified as the primary class of tumor antigens, suggesting their critical involvement in the body's surveillance against malignant cells. Similarly, research into pancreatic cancer has shown that cryptic peptides expressed on cancer cells can serve as targets for T-cell-based treatments, offering new avenues for therapeutic intervention. The immunogenic nature of these peptides stems from their ability to be recognized by the immune system, even though they are not derived from conventional protein-coding genes作者：N Ueki·2007·被引用次数：100—Peptidergic hormones, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators are extracellular signaling molecules that play central roles in physiological signal transmissions between various cells, tissues, and or....
The generation of cryptic peptides is multifaceted. Some arise from small, hidden peptide residues within larger protein molecules, such as collagen, which become exposed after protein maturation or degradation. Others originate from various genomic elements, including non-coding regions, that are transcribed and translated into short, rapidly degraded polypeptidesOptimized tumor cryptic peptides: the basis for universal neo .... This process can involve distinct translation initiation mechanisms, leading to the production of peptides that were not initially thought to be encoded作者：R Raja·2025·被引用次数：9—This study revealsnoncoding cryptic peptidesas an important class of immunogenic antigens in OC..
Detecting and characterizing these elusive molecules presents a significant challenge. Advanced techniques, including proteogenomic analysis and immunopeptidomics, are employed to identify cryptic peptides within cellular proteomes. These methods allow researchers to discover novel peptides and assess the prevalence of non-canonical open reading frames (ncORFs) that give rise to them.We introduce thelargest database and proteogenomic analysis of searchable peptidesto assess the prevalence of non-canonical ORFs (ncORFs) in cancer proteomes. The development of comprehensive databases, such as CrypticProteinDB, further aids in the searchable analysis of these peptides, facilitating their study and potential therapeutic application.
Beyond their role in cancer immunity, cryptic peptides are implicated in a broader spectrum of biological processes and disease states. In healthy individuals, cryptic peptides can be present at low levels and contribute to the normal functioning of the immune system.Really interesting, thesecryptic peptides on pancreatic cancer cellscould become new targets for T-cell–based treatments. However, their aberrant expression or presentation can be linked to pathological conditions. For example, research is exploring the potential connection between cryptic peptides and neurodegenerative diseases, such as those involving TDP-43 pathology.
Furthermore, cryptic peptides can play a role in autoimmune responses.作者：SR Starck·2008·被引用次数：59—Thepeptidesrepresent the intracellular protein milieu produced by translation of endogenous mRNAs. Unexpectedly, thepeptidesare encoded not only in ... When these hidden peptides are mistakenly recognized by the immune system as foreign, they can trigger an inflammatory cascade, contributing to the development of autoimmune disorders.Noncoding cryptic peptidesare revealed as an important class of immunogenic antigens in ovarian cancer by using immunopeptidomic analysis and RNA ... Understanding the mechanisms by which cryptic peptides are presented and recognized by immune cells is therefore crucial for differentiating between beneficial immune responses, such as anti-tumor immunity, and detrimental autoimmune reactions.
The potent immunogenicity of many cryptic peptides positions them as highly promising candidates for therapeutic development.Presentation of Cryptic Peptides by MHC Class I Is Enhanced ... Their ability to elicit strong T-cell responses makes them attractive targets for cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. By harnessing the power of cryptic peptides, researchers aim to develop more effective treatments that can specifically target cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects.
Future research will likely focus on a deeper understanding of the precise mechanisms governing the generation and presentation of cryptic peptides, as well as their interactions with the immune system. Continued advancements in proteogenomic technologies will undoubtedly lead to the discovery of new cryptic peptides with potential diagnostic or therapeutic value. As our knowledge of these hidden molecules expands, so too will our ability to leverage them for the benefit of human health, particularly in the fight against cancer and the management of autoimmune diseases.
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